5.21 DUTY OF RAILROAD AT PUBLIC HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSING
A. In General
Every railroad company is required to maintain at each highway crossing at grade a conspicuous sign with such inscription and of such standard and design as shall be approved by the Board of Public Utility Commissioners, so as to be easily seen by highway travelers.
The statutory duty which a railroad company owes to a highway traveler at a grade crossing is created by N.J.S.A. 48:12-57. That statute provides that each engine shall have a bell, weighing not less than 30 pounds, which shall be rung continuously in approaching a grade crossing of a highway, beginning at a distance of at least 300 yards from the crossing and continuing until the engine has crossed such highway or a whistle or horn operated by steam, air or electricity which shall be sounded except in cities, at least 300 yards from the crossing and continuing until the engine has crossed such highway or a whistle or horn operated by steam, air or electricity which shall be sounded except in cities, at least 300 yards from the crossing and at intervals until the engine has crossed the highway.
B. At Protected Crossings
Where a railroad company has installed any automatic device designed to protect the travelling public at any crossing, the railroad company is under a duty to exercise reasonable care to keep and maintain the said automatic device in operating condition.
Where a railroad company has placed a watchman or flagman on the crossing to warn the public highway traveler of the approach of its trains, it is liable for his/her negligent acts in the performance of his/her duties.
C. At Extra-Hazardous Crossings
Where a railroad crossing is so peculiarly dangerous that a reasonably prudent person could not use the highway in safety, even though the statutory signals by the engine bell or whistle are given, the railroad has the duty to employ extra means to signal the approach of its trains, beyond those required by statute. It is for you to determine here whether the railroad’s warning system, taken as a whole, gave sufficient notice of danger. In passing on the sufficiency of the warning system maintained at the railroad crossing, the test which you will apply is whether the system adequately alerts reasonably prudent travelers to the hazards of the crossing.
The railroad is entitled to rely on the fact that the highway traveler will be attentive to the warning system maintained at the crossing, and if you find that the safety measures in effect are sufficient to warn a reasonably prudent person, the railroad has fulfilled its duty, while if you find otherwise, it has not done so.
Automatic warning devices at grade crossings, unlike the standard cross-buck sign, are designed to alert the traveler to stop in a place of safety even though he/she does not or cannot see an approaching train. In effect, such devices are a substitute for an unobstructed view of the train as it nears the crossing. While the standard cross-buck sign is designed merely to inform a traveler that he/she is nearing a railroad crossing, automatic devices do much more; they warn that a train is actually approaching.
